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projects:ha [2021/01/07 19:30] – created Andreas Böhlerprojects:ha [2025/08/12 20:35] (current) – Andreas Böhler
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 One of the most important backbones in our home is the network infrastructure. We ran CAT7 cables in all rooms, used them for the light switches (see next section) and for the alarm system (see later section). Orange CAT7 cables are either network or light, blue CAT7 cables are alarm system cables.  One of the most important backbones in our home is the network infrastructure. We ran CAT7 cables in all rooms, used them for the light switches (see next section) and for the alarm system (see later section). Orange CAT7 cables are either network or light, blue CAT7 cables are alarm system cables. 
  
-The whole network is run by a TP-Link T-1600G switch which features 48-Ports and PoE+ on every port with a total power capacity of 384W. It's a L2+ switch, so it provides VLAN and some advanced switching stuff. For Internet access, an Ubiquiti EdgeRouter-X powered by OpenWrt is used. All other switches and the WiFi AP are also VLAN capable: That's important, because we defined three VLANs in our home:+Most of the network is run by two core switches: ZyXEL GS1900-24HPv2 and HPE JG927A. Both are L2+ switches, so they provide VLAN and some advanced switching stuff. For Internet access, a BananaPi R3 Mini is used. All other switches and the WiFi APs are also VLAN capable: That's important, because we defined three VLANs in our home:
  
   * VLAN "Management": for configuring devices; does not have Internet access   * VLAN "Management": for configuring devices; does not have Internet access
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   * VLAN "Technik": for all switches, alarm system etc. with "partially" trusted interfaces   * VLAN "Technik": for all switches, alarm system etc. with "partially" trusted interfaces
  
-The access point (a TP-Link Archer C7) is also powered by OpenWrt and provides two WiFi networks, one bridge to "Private" and one bridge to "Technik". This way, also the wireless appliances can be added to an "untrusted" network section.+The access points (Extreme Networks WS-AP3915i) are also powered by OpenWrt and provide one WiFi network with different keys, one bridge to "Private" and one bridge to "Technik". This way, also the wireless appliances can be added to an "untrusted" network section.
  
-The OpenWrt firewall on the EdgeRouter-X allows or denies access and routing between the different subnets and the Internet.+The OpenWrt firewall on the main router allows or denies access and routes between the different subnets and the Internet.
  
-===== Switching Lights =====+===== Servers =====
  
-Regarding the light switches, I wanted a rather simple solution that can be used stand-alone without any dependency on a central server or infrastructure. After quite a lot of research, I went for Ethernet relay modules: [[http://denkovi.com/smartden-maxi-io-relay-module-snmp-http-din-rail-box|Denkovi smartDEN IP-Maxi]]. All light switches are connected to the digital inputs and are configured as push buttons for the corresponding relays. They are integrated into Home Assistant and are therefore easily controllable via software.+Yes, I have to write servers in plural. The reason is simple: When I was on holiday, the power supply in my single Home Assistant server died and the whole home automation was down. While this is not a big show-stopper as everything can be controlled without it, it's still annoying. Since then, I've invested in more systems: 
 + 
 +  - 2x Acemagic S1 (Intel N97, 16GiB RAM, 512GiB SSD, Dual Gigabit LAN) 
 +  - 1x CWWK NAS Mainboard (Intel N150, 32GiB RAM, 1TiB SSD + 2x16TiB HDD, Dual 2.5GBit LAN, Google Coral EdgeTPU) 
 + 
 +The three systems are configured as a fully virtualized cluster, based on Proxmox. The VMs and containers are distributed as follows: 
 + 
 +  - Acemagic 1: 
 +    - Debian Stable VM: Docker (Home Assistant, ESPHome, Homematic CCU, ZWaveJS2MQTT, MQTT) 
 +  - Acemagic 2: 
 +    - Debian Stable VM: FreePBX 
 +    - Windows 11 VM: Home Service (configuration utilities that do now have Linux equivalents) 
 +  - CWWK: 
 +    - Debian Stable LXC: Docker (TVHeadend, Frigate, InfluxDB, Grafana, Lyrion Music Server), Native (NFS, Samba) 
 + 
 +I did not implement realtime failover, but use a replication-based approach: All virtual machines are replicated every 15 minutes to the other hosts. Proxmox takes care of migrating/restarting machines in case of a failed system.  
 + 
 +===== Switching Lights (and other stuff) ===== 
 + 
 +Regarding the light switches, I wanted a rather simple solution that can be used stand-alone without any dependency on a central server or infrastructure. For half a year we had a ready-made solution ([[http://denkovi.com/smartden-maxi-io-relay-module-snmp-http-din-rail-box|Denkovi smartDEN IP-Maxi]]), but the system is not very flexible. Plus, since it provides only HTTP and SNMP interfaces, the integration into Home Assistant is also not very tight. Therefore, I went for my own solution based on ESPHome: 
 + 
 +I designed a bunch of PCBs and smart home modules, all powered by ESPHome: 
 + 
 +  * Base Module with ESP32, LAN, two relays, two digital inputs, OneWire and expansion port 
 +  * Relay Module with 8 relays 
 +  * Input Module with 8 inputs 
 +  * Input/Relay Module with 8 inputs and 8 outputs 
 +  * Base Module X with ESP32, LAN, 8 relays, 8 digital inputs, OneWire and DMX 
 +  * Relay Module with 14 relays 
 + 
 +All modules communicate via differential i2c, run along +5V over CAT5 patch cables. Everything is nicely integrated into rail mount modules. 
 + 
 +For the dimmable lights I use relatively cheap DMX light controllers (2 channels).
  
 ===== Door Bell ===== ===== Door Bell =====
  
-The door bell solution is yet installed, it will probably consist of Hikvision IP intercom stations.+For the door bells, I went for a HikVision IP-based system that is entirely PoE-powered. The outdoor module contains the base station, the indoor door stations connect to this outdoor station. The only downside is that the modules do not support DHCP, all configuration has to be done statically.  
 + 
 +For better integration, I added a central Asterisk server (FreePBX) where all stations connect to. This way, the bell can be forwarded to our smart phones and other VoIP phones.
  
 ===== Heating control ===== ===== Heating control =====
  
-The newly installed floor heating can be controlled via wall thermostats as well as over IP: The control modules are Möhlenhoff Alpha 2 IP systems that provide an XML interface. Using my custom [[http://github.com/andyboeh/ezr2json|ezr2json]] server, the parameters can be polled and set from within Home Assistant.+The newly installed floor heating can be controlled via wall thermostats as well as over IP: The control modules are Möhlenhoff Alpha 2 IP systems that provide an XML interface. 
 + 
 +As we have a few older radiators, I installed HomeMatic wireless thermostats, wireless wall thermostats and te CCU interface and it is therefore easily integrated into Home Assistant.
  
 ===== Alarm System ===== ===== Alarm System =====
  
 As an alarm system, we went for a bus-based Jablotron system. There is a native USB integration for Home Assistant (available in HACS) that works very well. This allows the use of the motion detectors for switching on the lights in the corresponding room using an automation rule in Home Assistant. As an alarm system, we went for a bus-based Jablotron system. There is a native USB integration for Home Assistant (available in HACS) that works very well. This allows the use of the motion detectors for switching on the lights in the corresponding room using an automation rule in Home Assistant.
 +
 +===== 433 MHz devices =====
 +
 +For the integration of 433MHz devices (e.g. our outdoor wireless thermometer), I built an [[http://www.rflink.nl/blog2/wiring|RFLink]] gateway - most of the hardware devices were available anyway and the gateway is very inexpensive to build.
 +
 +Additionally, I'm experimenting with RFLink on ESP8266 and I can receive some 433MHz devices, most notably one Intertechno-based wall switch, via Homegear/CUBe.
 +
 +===== Shutters =====
 +
 +In the meantime, I replaced all wires with proper 4-conductor wires and all motors with Elero RevioLine motors. They are all driven by my newly developed 14-relais module and ESPHome with the custom [[http://github.com/andyboeh/esphome-elero_wired|esphome-elero_wired]] module.
 +
 +For reference, the older solution:
 +
 +We have shutters around the house, driven by Elero and Somfy remotes. For the Elero-based shutters, I did a lot of research and finally went for <del>two Mediola v4 gateways. I got them used for a few euros, each gateway can control up to 15 Elero shutters. As integration, I wrote [[http://github.com/andyboeh/mediola2mqtt|mediola2mqtt]], which makes certain Mediola devices available via MQTT, including auto discovery for Home Assistant.</del> a custom solution based on an ESP32 with a CC1101 module. The relevant ESPHome-module can be found on github: [[http://github.com/andyboeh/esphome-elero|esphome-elero]].
 +
 +The Somfy shutters <del>will be controlled by Homegear and one of my CUBes with a 433MHz module. For this, I integrated Somfy RTS into Homegear, currently only available in my [[http://github.com/andyboeh/Homegear-Somfy|github]].</del> are controlled by a similar ESP32 + CC1101, but with ESPSomfyRTS as software component.
  
 ===== Further devices ===== ===== Further devices =====
  
-Some further devices integrated into Home Assistant are our Neff oven (via Home Connect) or some Gosund wireless wall plugs, the entire SqueezeBox eco system and a few other devices. An RFLink integration is currently under development.+Some further devices integrated into Home Assistant are our Neff oven (via Home Connect) or some Gosund wireless wall plugs, the entire SqueezeBox eco system and a few other devices. 
  • projects/ha.1610044233.txt.gz
  • Last modified: 2021/01/07 19:30
  • by Andreas Böhler